What are the main components of a transformer?

Transformers (including dry-type and oil-immersed types) consist of the following main components, which are detailed combined with the content of the opened document:

1. Core Components (Core of Transformer)

Iron Core: The main magnetic circuit of the transformer, mostly made of cold-rolled silicon steel sheets (mentioned in the structural design part). Its function is to guide the magnetic flux and reduce eddy current and hysteresis losses, ensuring the efficient conversion of electromagnetic energy.

Windings: The key electrical component for voltage conversion, made of conductive materials (e.g., copper wire). Dry-type transformers use epoxy resin casting to encapsulate windings, while oil-immersed transformers have windings immersed in insulating oil (detailed in the insulation medium and structural parts).

2. Insulation Components

Insulation Medium: The core insulation part, different for the two transformer types. Dry-type transformers use air, epoxy resin, cast resin, etc.; oil-immersed transformers use insulating oil (mineral oil, synthetic oil) which also serves as a heat dissipation medium.

Insulating Materials: Used to insulate windings from the iron core and between winding turns, ensuring electrical safety (e.g., insulating materials impregnated in dry-type transformer windings).

3. Heat Dissipation Components

Dry-Type Transformers: Natural air cooling (relying on air convection) or forced air cooling (equipped with built-in cooling fans) components.

Oil-Immersed Transformers: Oil tank (steel plate welding), radiating fins (on the tank wall), and auxiliary heat dissipation parts such as natural oil circulation or forced oil circulation (oil pump).

4. Auxiliary Components (More Complete in Oil-Immersed Transformers)

Oil Conservator: Only for oil-immersed transformers, used to compensate for the thermal expansion and contraction of insulating oil.

Breather: For oil-immersed transformers, preventing moisture in the air from entering the oil tank and affecting insulation performance.

Pressure Relief Device: For oil-immersed transformers (explosion-proof pipe or pressure relief valve), preventing excessive internal pressure of the oil tank from causing accidents.

Shell/Casing: Dry-type transformers have closed or semi-closed shells; oil-immersed transformers have oil tanks as the outer casing.

5. Other Auxiliary Parts

Terminal Blocks: Used to connect external power lines, realizing the input and output of electrical energy.

Temperature Monitoring Components: (Implied in maintenance content) Used to monitor the operating temperature of windings and iron cores, ensuring safe operation.